Present simple and present continuous are hard sometimes. When do you use one and when do you use the other? Think of two different types of time: temporary and permanent. Temporary means something that changes, permanent is the opposite. Actions that happen right now are temporary. The action changes or… Read More »Present Simple and Present Continuous
Future-related grammar structures are useful because we can talk about plans, predictions, make promises, and extend offers. With the first conditional, we can also make threats. Initially, talking about the future can seem daunting to the beginner, because there are multiple ways of doing so, and while each way may… Read More »The Future
Gerunds and infinitives are perhaps one of the most difficult topics to teach. This seemingly simple concept of turning a verb into a noun is riddled with convention, and the rules that apply are sparse. There are very few guidelines and only through the expansion of one’s vocabulary does one… Read More »Gerunds and Infinitives, a starter
Obligation modals, while simple to use, can be tricky for A2 level students. For example, have to and don’t have to while on the surface seem like opposites, they mean entirely different things, unlike must and mustn’t. There is also the concept of internal vs external obligation, yet must and… Read More »Modals of Obligation
We all know that Turkish learners struggle with the present perfect tense. The key to success in teaching this tense from my experience is to emphasize that this tense deals with the RELATIONSHIP between the past and the present moment. For example, if I cut my hand (past tense), it’s… Read More »Present Perfect